Geopolymer bricks using iron ore tailings, slag sand, ground. Through the manufacture of iron and steel, flow limestone andor dolomite charge into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo. Nov 24, 2014 example granulated blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag steel production byproduct.
Chemical composition of granulated blast furnace slag % by mass. The cemsave concrete mixers were chosen so as to be comparable in workability and 28. Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because. The chemical composition of a slag varies considerably depending on the composition of the raw materials in the iron. The efficiency, which the molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as well as the chemical composition of the slag source, largely determines its cementitious properties for use in concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag how is ground.
So drying and grinding process are carried out to make it useful. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. The effect of blastfurnace slag particle size on the. The following materials are prequalified in accordance with dms4620, ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by rapid cooling or quenching of molten slag and. Efficiency of high energy over conventional milling of granulated. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Ground agricultural gypsum and constructiongrade hydrated lime were used as activators in the proportions of 0. Ground granulated steel slag ggbfs the coke is burned to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore into the molten iron product. The exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield.
Download table chemical composition of granulated blast furnace slag % by. Based on this concept, several trials were conducted at blast furnace slag granulation plant, with varying water temperature and flow. Slag is the glasslike byproduct left over after a desired metal has been separated i. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. In addition to cement, the inquiry concerns cementbased products eg readymix concrete and other materials used to produce cementbased products eg clinker, aggregates, blastfurnace slag, granulated blastfurnace slag, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, etc. Granulated blastfurnace slag article about granulated. Loesche mills for cement and granulated blast furnace duration. Durability of soft soil treated with soda residue and ground granulated blast furnace slag in a soaking environment. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag. This can perhaps be explained by the vast amount of blast furnace slag available 6. The slag must contain no additions and must conform to the sulfide, sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirements.
Effects of fineness and chemical composition of blast furnace. Astm c989 c989m 18a standard specification for slag. Slag handling is an important aspect of modern blast furnace operation. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Cemsave is the proprietary name of granulated blastfurnace slag, dryground to the same fineness as cement. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability.
Production of high compressive strength geopolymers considering fly ash or slag chemical composition. Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and utilized, particularly as a supplementary cementitious material for cement or alkaliactivated material, owing to its high hydraulic property or alkali activation reactivity. Jan 01, 2020 suppressing ettringiteinduced swelling of gypseous soil by using magnesiaactivated ground granulated blast furnace slag journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering may 2020 durability of soft soil treated with soda residue and ground granulated blast furnace slag in a soaking environment. A wide variety of ground granulated blast furnace slag options are available to you, there are 294 suppliers who sells ground granulated blast furnace slag on, mainly located in asia. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Granulated blast furnace slag gbs blast furnace is an iron making unit which converts iron ore into molten iron through reduction reactions, in presence of coke and fluxes. Activation of blast furnace slag with soda production waste. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron. Activation of blast furnace slag with soda production. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux either limestone or dolomite are melted together in a blast furnace. Page 2 blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate part i properties of blast furnace slag our natural aggregates, such as stone and gravel of suitable quality for concrete making, are rapidly becoming depleted in many localities. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material, and its particle distribution, shape, and grain size vary, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from popcornlike friable particles to dense, sandsize grains.
Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by rapid cooling or quenching of molten slag and is tan in colour and has a fine sand consistency. The flux most commonly used in iron and steel furnaces is limestone, which is charged in the proper proportions with the iron ore and fuel. After the granulated blast furnace slag is formed, it must be dewatered, dried and ground, using processes similar to those used with portland cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs was employed as the main component of an alternative binder. Dec 17, 2015 ground granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a. One of the most sustainable construction materials available, slag decreases greenhouse gas emissions and the use of virgin.
The department reserves the right to conduct random sampling of prequalified materials for testing and to perform random audits of test. Today, blast furnace slag is a saleable product granulated slag sand used as co 2friendly substitute of clinker in cement production rather than a difficult and costly waste material. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular. Flux flux is a material, which is added to the contents of a blast furnace or a cupola for the purpose of purging the metal of impurities, and of rendering the slag more liquid. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate mf 1638 a. Encapsulation in a cementitious wasteform is the current preferred method of disposal of intermediate level waste in the. Granulated blastfurnace slag is produced by quickly quenching chilling molten slag to produce a glassy, granular product. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. Sisal agave sisalana field byproduct was selected from a variety of brazilian fibrous. Basic slag is a coproduct of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace ladle furnace route. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blastfurnaces used to make iron.
Normally ball mill is used to make it fine in nature. Export data and price of granulated blast furnace slag. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of granulated blast furnace slag supply is 14%, 71%, and 14% respectively. The typical ranges of chemical composition of blast furnace slags in the us and canada are 3243% sio2, 716% al2o3, 3245% cao, and 515% mgo aci. General information blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the steel industry produced by adding a limestone flux to the ironore to remove nonferrous contaminants. Daube j, bakker r 1983 portland blastfurnace slag cement. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Cemsave is the proprietary name of granulated blast furnace slag, dryground to the same fineness as cement. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. The study includes mechanical properties of the geopolymer bricks. One of the most sustainable construction materials available, slag decreases greenhouse gas emissions and the use of virgin materials. In the case of steelmaking slag, the slag contains metal elements such as iron in oxide form. Selection of our books indexed in the book citation index in web of. When it is ejected from a blast furnace, the slag is molten at a temperature of approximately 1,500 depending on the cooling method used, it is classified either as aircooled slag or granulated slag.
Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag, has a relatively smooth texture and rounded shape. Ground granulated blast furnace slag exporter, ground. When used as part of a portland cement concrete, slag reacts with both the water latent hydraulic reaction and the. Byproduct materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, silica fume. This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. The values given in parentheses if provided are not standard and may not be exact mathematical conversions. Silicate and aluminate impurities from the ore and coke are combined in the blast furnace with a flux which lowers the viscosity of the slag. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Granulated slag obtained from blast furnace slag is wet and coarse in nature and can not be useful directly. Li g, zhao x 2003 properties of concrete incorporating fly ash and ground. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is finely ground, glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled. Aircooled slag the molten slag flows into a cooling yard, where it is cooled slowly by natural cooling and by spraying with water.
Granulated blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. The chemical composition of a slag varies considerably depending on the composition of the raw materials in the iron production process. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Composition ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. Samples of ground granulated blastfurnace slag are sent, periodically, to an independent laboratory for testing. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh. Carbonates, either limestone caco 3 or dolomite mgco 3, are frequently added to the blast furnace for slag composition control. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blastfurnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement. Use this product is intended to be used in concrete either as a component of composite cements such as blastfurnace cementhigh slag blastfurnace cement or as a direct addition to the concrete mix by the concrete producer. These operate at a temperature of about 1, 500 degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of ironore, coke and limestone. In chapter one of a book dedicated to byproducts, siddique 2 pro motes the. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Processing of granulated blast furnace slag and its. Alkaliactivated slag aas binders are produced by alkaline activation of water cooled ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, which is.
The bos basic oxygen steel making process utilises the molten iron from the blast furnace with the addition of scrap steel and fluxes. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. View detailed export data, price, monthly trends, major exporting countries, major ports of granulated blast furnace slag under hs code 2618. When the metallurgical smelting process is complete, the lime in the flux has been chemically combined with the aluminates and silicates of the ore and coke ash to form a nonmetallic product called blast furnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag has product codes commencing with gbf. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of ground granulated blast furnace slag supply is %, 71%, and. Slag slag is a grainy, grey and metallic byproduct of steel production that can be used to produce slag cement and composite cement. The exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement in.
However, this statement can be considered only partially correct. Blast furnace slag granulation ironmaking our activities. While blast furnace slag has a long history of use as an industrial byproduct, going back almost 100 years in the united states and 150 years in europe 8, steel slag was less popular. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone andor dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10. Mar 31, 2014 slag is the waste which is skimmed off the top of the molten iron that comes out of the blast furnace. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. In addition to molten iron, the furnace generates slags in the range of 250 to 500 kg per tonne of hot metal. Ground granulated blast furnace slag listed as ggbf. In addition to cement, the inquiry concerns cementbased products eg readymix concrete and other materials used to produce cementbased products eg clinker, aggregates, blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, ground granulated blast furnace slag, etc. These fluxes burnt lime or dolomite are fed into a vessel and a lance injects oxygen creating a reaction between. While slags are generally used to remove waste in metal smelting, they can also serve other purposes, such as assisting in the temperature control of.
Granulated blast furnace slag granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. Supplementary cementitious materials such as blastfurnace slag bfs and pulverisedfuel ash have been used as a partial replacement for portland cement pc in uk and international nuclear waste encapsulation for many years angus et al. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index. The flowcharacteristic of blast furnace slags is strongly influenced by the extent of reduction of iron oxide at low temperature in the granular zone besides being influenced by the composition, and the quality and the quantity of the gangue in the iron bearing materials. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Home products blast furnace slag blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux either limestone or dolomite are melted together in a blast furnace. This discussion will briefly cover the composition, properties, and uses of iron blastfurnace slags and of steelmaking slags. Often, the ferrous charge is fluxed, but some room is left to add carbonates directly to the blast furnace top so that daytoday adjustments can be made to achieve a target slag chemistry. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a glassy byproduct of pig iron production and has been used in blended cements for over 140 years 1. Today, blast furnace slag is a saleable product granulated slag sand used as co 2 friendly substitute of clinker in cement production rather than a difficult and costly waste material.
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